Whitehall was built in the early 1900s by Joseph Leon Agostini, a cocoa planter, as the largest private residence along the Maraval Road strip at Queen’s Park West.
Some accounts say it was built in 1904. Others say construction began in 1904 and took three years. The mansion was originally called Rosenweg (path of roses), and was designed to reflect Agostini’s Corsican heritage (Moorish Mediterranean style) as he was born in Corsica in 1839. After Agostini’s death in 1906, his family remained in residence until 1910 when, unable to meet mortgage payments, the mortgagee, William Gordon Grant, foreclosed. The property was then sold to Robert Henderson, an American businessman from Venezuela. The Henderson family renamed the mansion Whitehall after the coral stone from which it was built. During the Second World War, with the arrival of the United States Forces to Trinidad, Whitehall was commandeered from the Seigert family, heirs of Robert Henderson, as headquarters of the Air Raid Precaution. In 1944, the British Council rented the building as a cultural centre. Later, the Trinidad Central Library, Regional library, National Archives, Government Broadcasting Unit, Trinidad Art Society, and the Cellar Club all rented or occupied space in the building. From 1949, the building remained empty until 1954, when it was purchased by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. In 1957, Whitehall was occupied by the Pre-Federal Interim Government prior to the establishment of the West Indies Federation in 1958. In 1963, after the Federation had collapsed, it became the Office of the Prime Minister occupied by Dr. Eric Williams, T&T’s first Prime Minister after Independence. Restored in 2000, Whitehall continued to be occupied by the Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago until 2009. After some deterioration and $32 million in restoration work, Whitehall has been resumed as the home of the Cabinet in August 2019. (from Donimic Kalipersad, May 10, 2022) . . . Sources: National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago; Josh Lu
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THE ERA OF THE METAYAGE SYSTEM IN TOBAGO. (BACK IN TIME WITH HISTORIAN ANGELO BISSESSARSINGH)6/21/2022 After emancipation in 1834, Tobago evolved speedily economically, but socially remained very much a slave island, retaining many aspects of chattel slavery and the social relationships thereof. Many ex-slaves were forced to return to the sugar estates, because unlike their counterparts in Trinidad, there was no abundance of forested crown land to squat upon, most arable lands already being in the hands of plantation owners. Nevertheless,a thriving sharecropping system emerged , called metayage.
The Metayage system was basically a system of farming in which rent is paid as a percentage of the crops yielded, and in which the owner usually supplies the farmer with seed and stock. . The sharecroppers , called metayers provided labour to plant , harvest and process sugar cane and in return received a couple barrels of sugar in return. They were also allowed provision grounds on their cane-holes (as the allotments were called) and there, grew what food they could . In the wetter windward districts such as Parlatuvier and L'Anse Fourmi, dasheen, yams, and cassava was grown, while in the drier leeward areas, peas, coconuts and corn was grown. Plymouth was the depot for fresh and locally salted fish. With little cash at hand, the ex-slaves of Tobago developed a complex barter system which survived well into the 1950s. Women from the windward villages would carry provisions on their heads to Plymouth to exchange for fish, which the Plymouth fishermen were glad of since the poor soils around the village were unproductive. Similarly, the corn, peas, and coconut oil of the leeward areas was taken to Scarborough Market to be traded for ground provisions , meat, fish and manufactured goods. It was often such that after walking 10 miles or more with a 150lb. load of provisions on her head, a woman to market in the town would be able to exchange her produce for other foods, but sell very little for cash. The little currency she received would be used to purchase salt, lard , soap and matches at the shops, which did not permit barter. An exception to the rule was the Ottley Shop , owned by the father of the late historian , C.R. Ottley, which would take in garden produce in trade for goods. This photo shows an elderly metayer with her basket full of traded provisions and the sugar factory in the background where she may have provided labour in return for sugar and molasses. (Source: Virtual Museum of TT, May 31, 2022) Siparia and La Divina Pastora are synonymous and the very identity of the little country town is associated with the presence of its patron saint. There are many myths and legends surrounding the origins of the statue which has such deep spiritual and temporal significance for so many. Since time immemorial, the plateau of Siparia had been home to a large community of Warao native peoples from the Orinoco Delta region of Venezuela. Their primary landing place was Quinam beach from whence a narrow footpath led to the settlement and other parts of the island.
In 1758, a party of Capuchin monks from Spain, founded a Mission here, complete with a small ajoupa to serve as a chapel. One of the major monumental events of this period is that in 1795, Pope Pius VI decreed La Divina Pastora ( The Divine Shepherdess) to be that patron saint of all Capuchin missions. There is no mention of the statue of La Divina Pastora from this period of the Mission. One unsupported claim is that it was brought to the chapel circa 1800 by a dying priest from the Cumana Mission in Venezuela who claimed it saved his life. A popular story concerning the statue was recounted in 1887 as follows: “Tradition says that this statue was picked up by Spaniards in the depths of the forest ; it remained here for some time, and was then removed to Oropouche Church. It made no stay there, however, for on the morning after its arrival it was found to have mysteriously disappeared during the night, and, on search being instituted, it was discovered in the precise spot of the forest where it had first appeared.” Fr. Poirier, the Padre in the 1840s, does not write of the statue’s existence, but by 1878, the feast of La Divina Pastora was already being celebrated two Sundays after Easter. The image of the Divine Shepherdess resided in the little tapia church , resting on a mound of earth where homage was paid. Waraos from the Orinoco, local Catholics and a new element, Hindus, made the feast day boisterous and lively. Pilgrims would encamp and stream into the chapel to make offerings to La Divina . In 1878, Fr. Armand Masse, a French priest , wrote this observation: “Some Waraoons dressed in nothing are at the door of the church. A band of coolies arrives. They sing all night long. At dawn they go to bathe and then come to the chapel .They have brought two cocks which they will offer to the virgin ( they call her Siparee Mai) . To make this offering they go to the foot of the altar with the cock and saying their prayers in a loud voice with arms extended , they go to the back of the church , untie the cock and set it free in the church . “ La Divina Pastora after an extensive restoration undertaken in 2010-2011 by conservation specialist, Judi Sheppard. (Source: Virtual Museum of TT, March 2022) Dr. Rudranath Capildeo was a Trinidadian scholar who made contributions in the fields of applied mathematics and physics. He studied the nature of space and time and this sparked his interest in understanding Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity. His work resulted in new theories, such as the “Theory of Rotation and Gravity” or “Capildeo’s Theory” for short. This theory had applications in early outer space expeditions in the 1960s and 1970s.
Capildeo was a gifted educator who spent most of his teaching life at the University College, London. He also taught at other institutions including the University of Khartoum, Sudan and he was the first principal of Trinidad Polytechnic School. He wrote a mathematics textbook entitled “Vector Algebra and Mechanics: Theory, Problems, and Solutions”. Rudranath Capildeo was born in Chaguanas, Trinidad on February 2nd 1920 at “The Lion House”. He attended Queen’s Royal College (QRC) and won an Open National Scholarship in 1939. He began studies in medicine at Oxford University, but due to illness, he switched to mathematics at University College London. He completed an intermediate bachelor of science degree and followed with a BSc Special Degree in Mathematics. He copped several prizes and graduated in 1943. Capildeo returned to Trinidad and taught Mathematics at QRC for a brief period. He furthered his studies at University College London and gained a Master of Science degree in 1945 and a Doctorate in Mathematical Physics in 1948. His ability to manipulate mathematical techniques enabled him to solve any problem. His logical mind, skill in debating, and clear understanding of his subject assisted him in explaining complicated mathematical theories to his students and laypeople. He proceeded to clarify and fortify Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity because he “knew it inside out, upside down, and sideways”. Apart from his achievements in science, Dr. Capildeo studied law in London and was admitted to practise as a Barrister-at-Law in Trinidad. He founded and led the Democratic Labour Party and became Leader of the Opposition in the Trinidad and Tobago Parliament when the country became independent. He was considered an outstanding scholar, yet, the full potential of his work is not fully understood. For his great achievements in science, he was awarded one of the inaugural National Awards- the Trinity Cross- from the Government of Trinidad and Tobago in 1969. He died on May 12, 1970. (Source: Caribbean Hindustani, Marrch 2022) This was the man who created the first Police Steelband - Supt. Anthony Prospect. (His real name was actually Guillermo Antonio Prospect, but he was popularly known by the English version of his middle name.) Born in Port-of-Spain on February 10, 1928, Prospect joined the T&T Police Force in 1944. In 1963, he became the first local musician to graduate from the Royal Military School of Music, where he won the trophy for Best Conductor and majored as an ethnomusicologist, with emphasis on the steelband and folk music. Prospect came to public attention in 1964 when he was appointed Bandmaster of the Police Band, the first local musician in the post. He made an immediate impact. He formed the first police steelband in 1964 and, at that year’s Independence Day Parade, he broke the tradition of playing exclusively European military marches, having the Band play his adaptation of Lord Kitchener's winning Road March calypso "Mama Dis Is Mas" to the military march. Prospect went on to develop a long relationship with Trinidad’s steelbands. He composed the test pieces for Steelband Music Festivals: Intermezzo in E Flat (1966) and Maracas Bay (1972). In 1978, he produced an album for Renegades steelband after touring South America with them. In 1981, he was the musical director and conductor of Desperadoes for its tour of England. Further, he arranged Casablanca’s music scores for the 1980 and 1982 Music Festivals with "Zampa Overture" (2nd Place) and "1812 Overture" (1st Place), respectively. Prospect was immortalised in calypso by The Mighty Sparrow, in a celebrated piece titled "The Governor’s Ball", which became more widely known for its chorus tag-line: "Shake Your Baton Like Mr Prospect". Prospect retired as the Police bandmaster in 1982. During the ‘90s, however, he served as steelband consultant to the Inter-Cultural Music Institute (CIMI), a project mounted jointly by The University of the West Indies and the United National Development Programme. He was also selected as chief adjudicator at Panorama competitions for various Carnivals held in North America. Prospect died May 3, 2000, at a hospital in Miami, Florida. He was the recipient of a national award: Public Service Medal of Merit, Gold, for Music (1973). (Source: Dominic Kalipersad, May 16, 2022) ……….. and they brought in their “jahaji bundles” a culture that reshaped the society of Trinidad and Tobago and contributed to Trinbago’s ethnic mosaic. Jahaji is an Indian word meaning shipmate, specifically those indentured servants who travelled from India to the Caribbean on the same ship. A jahaji bundle was the bundled possessions of some of our ancestors who embarked on a journey one hundred and seventy –seven years ago seeking a better way of life for themselves and their families. The crossing of the perilous dark water or Kala Pani created an unbreakable bond of kinship , the brotherhood of the Jahajis In this brotherhood which blossomed on the Fatal Razak , all barriers of religion, caste and colour were put aside and new relationships flourished , forming a strong bond of kinship among those making the journey to face an uncertain future. Knowing full well of the challenges that awaited them in an alien land and dressed in their dhoti, kurta, sari and laden with their family jewellery, they came bringing with them reminders of their motherland wrapped tightly in their small jahagi bundles. The "jahaji bundle" (four corners of a piece of cloth tied to make a carrier) could be described as a olden-day suitcase that held all the worldly possessions of an indentured immigrant labourer who travelled the high seas for three months to arrive in Trinidad from the port of Howrah in Calcutta in 1845. From food to plants, to seeds, curry and spices and reminders of their religious beliefs they traveled with these in their jahaji bundles. In fact the agricultural landscape of Trinidad has been changed because of the seeds and cuttings of plants which indentured labourers brought in their "jahaji bundles." Despite their heavy sufferings during the indentureship period and years of perseverance, our ancestors have stamped their names on this land. Their legacy lives on. We salute the many contributions our ancestors have made to the development of Trinidad and Tobago. Vintage Photo courtesy Scott Henderson shows two East Indian Indentured servants seated with their jahaji bundle at their feet and a child standing in the shadows of the doorway. (Source: Virtual Museum of TT, May 7, 2022) |
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